What We Learn about Girls? Education from Interventions That Do Not Focus on Girls

References

• AdohoFranckChakravartyShubhaKorkoyahDala T.LundbergMattias K. A.TasneemAfia. 2014. “The Impact of an Adolescent Girls Employment Program. The EPAG Project in Liberia.” Policy Research Working Paper, The World Bank. Washington, DC, USA. Google Scholar
• AfridiFarzana. 2011. “The Impact of School Meals on School Participation: Evidence from Rural India.” Journal of Development Studies 47 (11): 1636—56. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• AmaranteVerónicaFerrandoMeryVigoritoAndrea. 2013. “Teenage School Attendance and Cash Transfers: An Impact Evaluation of PANES.” Economía 14: 61—96. Google Scholar
• AsimSalmanRobertS.ChaseAmit DarSchmillenAchim. 2017. “Improving Learning Outcomes in South Asia: Findings from a Decade of Impact Evaluations.” World Bank Research Observer 32 (1): 75—106. AbstractGoogle Scholar
• AturupaneHarshaGlewwePaulRavinaRenatoSonnadaraUpulWisniewskiSuzanne. 2014. “An Assessment of the Impacts of Sri Lanka’s Programme for School Improvement and School Report Card Programme on Students’ Academic Progress.” Journal of Development Studies 50: 1647—69. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• BairdSarah J.ChirwaEphraimDe HoopJacobusÖzlerBerk. 2016. “Girl Power: Cash Transfers and Adolescent Welfare. Evidence from a Cluster-Randomized Experiment in Malawi.” In African Successes, Volume 2: Human Capital, edited by EdwardsSebastianJohnsonSimonWeilDavid N., 139—64. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar
• BairdSarahMcIntoshCraigÖzlerBerk. 2011. “Cash or Condition? Evidence from a Cash Transfer Experiment.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 126(4): 1709—53. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• BandieraOrianaBuehrenNiklasBurgessRobinGoldsteinMarkusGulesciSelimRasulImranSulaimanMunshi. 2019. “Women’s Empowerment in Action: Evidence from a Randomized Control Trial in Africa.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics Forthcoming. Google Scholar
• BandieraOrianaBuehrenNiklasGoldsteinMarkusRasulImranSmurraAndrea. 2018. “The Economic Lives of Young Women in the Time of Ebola: Lessons from an Empowerment Program.” Unpublished Manuscript. Google Scholar
• BanerjeeAbhijitBanerjiRukminiBerryJamesDufloEstherKannanHariniMukerjiShobhiniShotlandMarcWaltonMichael. 2016. “Mainstreaming an Effective Intervention: Evidence form Randomized Evaluations of “Teaching at the Right Level” in India.” Working Paper No. 22746. National Bureau of Economic Research. Cambridge, MA, USA. Google Scholar
• Barrera-OsorioFelipeBlakesleeDavid S.HooverMatthewLindenLeigh L.RajuDhushyanthRyanStephen P.. 2017. “Delivering Education to the Underserved through a Public-Private Partnership Program in Pakistan.” Policy Research Working Paper No. 8177. World Bank. Washington, DC, USA. Google Scholar
• BenhassineNajyDevotoFlorenciaDufloEstherDupasPascalinePouliquenVictor. 2015. “Turning a Shov
  e into a Nudge? A“Labeled Cash Transfer” for Education.” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 7 (3): 86—125. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• BerlinskiSamuelBussoMatiasDinkelmanTarynMartinezClaudia. 2016. “Reducing Parent-School Information Gaps and Improving Education Outcomes: Evidence from High Frequency Text Messaging in Chile.” Unpublished Manuscript. Google Scholar
• BerlinskiSamuelBussoMatias. 2017. “Challenges in Educational Reform: An Experiment on Active Learning in Mathematics.” Economics Letters 156: 172—75. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• BorensteinMichaelet al.. 2009. “Effect Sizes for Continuous Data.” The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis. 2nd ed. Edited by CooperHarrisHedgesV.ValentineJeffrey C., 221—35. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Google Scholar
• BorkumEvanHeFangLindenLeigh L.. 2012. “ The Effects of School Libraries on Language Skills: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in India.” No. w18183. National Bureau of Economic Research. Google Scholar
• BurdeDanaLindenLeigh L.. 2013. “Bringing Education to Afghan Girls: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Village-Based Schools.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5 (3): 27—40. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• CärdenasSergioEvansDavid K.HollandPeter. 2015. “Early Childhood Benefits at Low Cost: Evidence from a Randomized Trial in Mexico.” Unpublished Manuscript. Google Scholar
• ChaudhuryNazmulFriedmanJedOnishiJunko. 2013. “ Philippines Conditional Cash Transfer Program Impact Evaluation 2012.” World Bank Report. Manila, The Philippines. Google Scholar
• ConnKatharine M. 2017. “Identifying Effective Education Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Meta-Analysis of Impact Evaluations.” Review of Educational Research 87 (5): 863—98. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• DhaliwalIqbalDufloEstherGlennersterRachelTullochCaitlin. 2013. “Comparative Cost-Effectiveness Analysis to Inform Policy in Developing Countries: A General Framework with Applications for Education.” In Education Policy in Developing Countries. Edited by GlewwePaul, 285—338. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• Di GropelloEmanuelaMarshallJeffery H.. 2011. “Decentralization and Educational Performance: Evidence from the PROHECO Community School Program in Rural Honduras.” Education Economics 19: 161—80. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• DufloEstherDupasPascalineKremerMichael. 2017. “The Impact of Free Secondary Education: Experimental Evidence from Ghana.” Working Paper. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge, MA, USA. Google Scholar
• EdmondsEric V.ShresthaMaheshwor. 2014. “You Get What You Pay For: Schooling Incentives and Child Labor.” Journal of Development Economics 111: 196—211. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• EvansD. K.AkmalM.JakielaP.. 2021. “Gender Gaps in Education: The Long View.” IZA Journal of Development and Migration 12 (1). CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• EvansDavid K.PopovaAnna. 2016. “What Really Works to Improve Learning in Developing Countries? An Analysis of Divergent Findings in Systematic Reviews.” World Bank Research Observer 31: 242—70. LinkGoogle Scholar
• EvansDavid K.YuanFei. 2019. “Economic Returns to Interventions that Increase Learning.” Policy Research Working Paper. The World Bank. Washington, DC, USA. Google Scholar
• EyalKatherineWoolardIngridBurnsJustine. 2014. “Cash Transfers and Teen Education: Evidence from South Africa.” School of Economics, University of Capetown. Unpublished manuscript. Google Scholar
• GanimianAlejandro J.MurnaneRichard J.. 2016. “Improving Education in Developing Countries: Lessons from Rigorous Impact Evaluations.” Review of Educational Research 86 (3): 719—55. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• GarnJoshua V.GreeneLeslie E.DreibelbisRobertSabooriShadiRheingansRichard D.FreemanMatthew C.. 2013. “A Cluster-Randomized Trial Assessing the Impact of School Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Improvements on Pupil Enrolment and Gender Parity in Enrolment.” Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3: 592—601. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• GlewwePaulMaïgaEugenie W. H.. 2011. “The Impacts of School Management Reforms in Madagascar: Do the Impacts Vary by Teacher Type?” Journal of Development Effectiveness 3 (4): 435—69. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• GlewweP.MaïgaE.ZhengH. 2014. “The Contribution of Education to Economic Growth: A Review of the Evidence, with Special Attention and an Application to Sub-Saharan Africa.” World Development 59: 379—93. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• GlewwePaulMuralidharanKarthik. 2016. “Improving Education Outcomes in Developing Countries: Evidence, Knowledge Gaps, and Policy Implications.” Handbook of the Economics of Education. Vol. 5. HanushekEric A.MachinStephen J.WoessmannLudger, 653—743. North Holland: Elsevier. Google Scholar
• GlickPeter. 2008. “What Policies Will Reduce Gender Schooling Gaps in Developing Countries: Evidence and Interpretation.” World Development 36: 1623—46. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• Gustafsson-WrightEmilyBoggild-JonesIzzyGardinerSophie. 2017. “SECT: The Standardized Early Childhood Development Costing Tool.” Center for Universal Education at Brookings. Washington, DC, USA. Google Scholar
• HaberlandNicole A.McCarthyKatharine J.BradyMartha. 2018. “A Systematic Review of Adolescent Girl Program Implementation in Low-and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence Gaps and Insights.” Journal of Adolescent Health 63 (1): 18—31. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• ImbrognoJason. 2014. “Essays on the Economics of Education.” Doctoral dissertation. Carnegie Mellon University. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Google Scholar
• J-PAL. 2017. “Roll Call: Getting Children into School.” J-PAL Policy Bulletin. Google Scholar
• JukesMatthew C. H.PinderMargaretGrigorenkoElena L.Baños SmithHelenWalravenGijsMeier BariauElisaSternbergRobert J.DrakeLesley J.MilliganPaulBun CheungYin. 2006. “Long-Term Impact of Malaria Chemoprophylaxis on Cognitive Abilities and Educational Attainment: Follow-Up of a Controlled Trial.” PLoS Clinical Trials 1: e19. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• KarlanDeanLindenLeigh L.. 2014. “Loose Knots: Strong versus Weak Commitments to Save for Education in Uganda.” Columbia University. Working Paper 19863. National Bureau of Economic Research. Cambridge, MA, USA. Google Scholar
• KaziangaHarounanDe WalqueDamienAldermanHarold. 2012. “Educational and Child Labour Impacts of Two Food-for-Education Schemes: Evidence from a Randomised Trial in Rural Burkina Faso.” Journal of African Economies 21 (5): 723—60. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• KaziangaHarounanLevyDanLindenLeigh L.SloanMatt. 2013. “The Effects of ‘Girl-Friendly’ Schools: Evidence from the BRIGHT School Construction Program in Burkina Faso.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5: 41—62. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• < span class="references__authors">KimJooseopAldermanHaroldOrazemPeter F. 1999. “Can Private School Subsidies Increase Enrollment for the Poor? The Quetta Urban Fellowship Program.” World Bank Economic Review 13: 443—65. LinkGoogle Scholar
• KremerMichaelBrannenConnerGlennersterRachel. 2013. “The Challenge of Education and Learning in the Developing World.” Science 340 (6130): 297—300. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• KrishnaratneShariWhiteHoward. 2013. “Quality Education for All Children? What Works in Education in Developing Countries.” 3ie Publications No. 0000-0. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie). Washington, DC, USA; New Delhi, India. Google Scholar
• LindenLeigh L. 2008. “Complement or Substitute? The Effect of Technology on Student Achievement in India.” Working Paper, Columbia University. Google Scholar
• MaluccioJohn A.MurphyAlexisRegaliaFerdinando. 2010. “Does Supply Matter? Initial Schooling Conditions and the Effectiveness of Conditional Cash Transfers for Grade Progression in Nicaragua.” Journal of Development Effectiveness 2: 87—116. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• MasinoSerenaNiño-ZarazúaMiguel. 2016. “What Works to Improve the Quality of Student Learning in Developing Countries?” International Journal of Educational Development 48: 53—65. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• MassetEdoardo. 2019. “Impossible Generalisations: Meta-Analyses of Education Interventions in International Development.” RISE Annual Conference 2019. Washington, DC, USA. June 19–20, 2019. Google Scholar
• McEwanPatrick J. 2015. “Improving Learning in Primary Schools of Developing Countries: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Experiments.” Review of Educational Research 85: 353—94. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• OsterEmilyThorntonRebecca. 2011. “Menstruation, Sanitary Products, and School Attendance: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3: 91—100. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• ÖzlerBerkFernaldLia C.H.KarigerPatriciaMcConnellChristinNeumanMichelleFragaEduardo. 2016. “ Combining Preschool Teacher Training with Parenting Education: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.” Working Paper. The World Bank. Washington, DC, USA. Google Scholar
• PiperBenjamin. 2009. “ Integrated Education Program: Impact Study of SMRS Using Early Grade Reading Assessment in Three Provinces in South Africa.” RTI International. Research Triangle Park, NC. Google Scholar
• PiperBenjaminKordaMedina. 2010. “Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) Plus: Liberia. Program Evaluation Report.” RTI International. Research Triangle Park, NC. Google Scholar
• PiperBenjaminMugendaA.. 2014. The Primary Math and Reading (PRIMR) Initiative: Endline Impact Evaluation. RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC. Google Scholar
• PiperBenjaminZuilkowskiStephanie S.Ong’eleSalome. 2016. “Implementing Mother Tongue Instruction in the Real World: Results from a Medium-Scale Randomized Controlled Trial in Kenya.” Comparative Education Review 60: 776—807. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• PopovaAnnaEvansDavid K.BreedingMary E.ArancibiaVioleta. Forthcoming. “Teacher Professional Development around the World: The Gap between Evidence and Practice.” World Bank Research Observer. Google Scholar
• PsakiStephanieHaberlandNicoleMenschBarbaraChuangEricaWoyczynskiLauren. Forthcoming. “Policies and Interventions to Remove Gender-Related Barriers to Girls’ School Participation and Learning in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of the Evidence.” Campell Systematic Reviews. Google Scholar< /li>
• SantanaMaria Isabel. 2008. “An Evaluation of the Impact of South Africa’s Child Support Grant on School Attendance.” Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. Google Scholar
• SharmaUttam. 2014. “Can Computers Increase Human Capital in Developing Countries? An Evaluation of Nepal’s One Laptop per Child Program.” Annual Meeting of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, Minneapolis MN, July 27–29. Google Scholar
• SnilstveitBirteStevensonJenniferPhillipsDanielVojtkovaMartinaGallagherEmmaSchmidtTanjaJobseHannahGeelenMaisieGrazia PastorelloMariaEyersJohn. 2017. “Interventions for Improving Learning Outcomes and Access to Education in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.” Campbell Systematic Reviews 13 (1): 1—82. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• SperlingGene BWinthropRebecca. 2015. What Works in Girls’ Education: Evidence for the World’s Best Investment. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. Google Scholar
• UnterhalterElaineNorthAmyArnotMadeleineLloydCynthiaMoletsaneLeboMurphy-GrahamErinParkesJennySaitoMioko. 2014. “Interventions to Enhance Girls’ Education and Gender Equality.” Education Rigorous Literature Review. Department for International Development. Google Scholar
• VisariaSujataDehejiaRajeevChaoMelody M.MukhopadhyayAnirban. 2016.“Unintended Consequences of Rewards for Student Attendance: Results from a Field Experiment in Indian Classrooms.” Economics of Education Review 54: 173—84. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• WongHo LunLuoRenfuZhangLinxiuRozelleScott. 2013. “The Impact of Vouchers on Preschool Attendance and Elementary School Readiness: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural China.” Economics of Education Review 35: 53—65. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• World Bank. 2017. “World Development Indicators.” Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2018a. “Human Capital Project.” World Bank, Washington, DC, USA. LinkGoogle Scholar
• World Bank. 2018b. “ World Development Report 2018: Learning to Realize Education’s Promise.” World Bank, Washington, DC, USA. LinkGoogle Scholar
• World Bank. 2020. “World Bank Country and Lending Groups.” World Bank, Washington, DC, USA. Google Scholar
• YiHongmeiSongYingquanLiuChengfangHuangXiaotingZhangLinxiuBaiYunliRenBaopingShiYaojiangLoyalkaPrashantChuJamesRozelleScott. “Giving Kids a Head Start: The Impact and Mechanisms of Early Commitment of Financial Aid on Poor Students in Rural China.” Journal of Development Economics 113 (2015): 1—15. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• YoshikawaHirokazuLeyvaDianaSnowCatherine E.TreviñoErnestoBarataM.WeilandChristinaGomezCelia J.MorenoLorenzoRollaAndreaD’SaNikhit. 2015. “Experimental Impacts of a Teacher Professional Development Program in Chile on Preschool Classroom Quality and Child Outcomes.” Developmental Psychology 51: 309—22. CrossrefGoogle Scholar