IVF overview and process
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology that helps couples who have trouble conceiving a child naturally. IVF involves removing eggs from a woman’s ovaries and fertilizing them with sperm in a laboratory dish. If fertilization occurs, the resulting embryos are then transferred to the woman’s uterus, where they hopefully implant and result in a pregnancy.
IVF was first successfully performed in 1978 and has since become a widely-used method for treating infertility. It’s estimated that over 8 million babies have been born through IVF worldwide.
IVF is typically recommended for couples who have been trying to conceive for at least one year without success. This may be due to a variety of causes, such as a low sperm count, blocked fallopian tubes, or ovulation problems. IVF may also be an option for same-sex couples or single individuals who want to start a family.
The IVF process typically involves several steps, including:
Ovarian stimulation: The first step of IVF involves stimulating the ovaries to produce multiple eggs. This is typically done using hormonal injections and is carefully monitored using ultrasound and blood tests.
Egg retrieval: Once the eggs are mature, they are retrieved from the ovaries using a needle that is inserted through the vagina. This procedure is performed under anesthesia and usually takes less than 30 minutes.
Fertilization: The retrieved eggs are mixed with sperm in a laboratory dish. The fertilized eggs are then incubated for several days until they form embryos.
Embryo transfer: The embryos are then transferred to the woman’s uterus, typically 3-5 days after fertilization. The number of embryos transferred will depend on various factors, including the age of the woman, the quality of the embryos, and the couple’s preferences.
Pregnancy test: Two weeks after the embryo transfer, a pregnancy test is performed to determine if the IVF was successful.
IVF success rates vary, but on average, about 40% of women will become pregnant after one cycle of IVF. The success of IVF depends on a variety of factors, including the woman’s age, the cause of infertility, and the quality of the embryos.
While IVF is a safe and effective method of treating infertility, there are potential risks and side effects. These may include:
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS): This occurs when the ovaries become swollen and painful after the stimulation phase. OHSS can be mild or severe, and in rare cases, can be life-threatening.
Multiple pregnancies: IVF increases the risk of multiple pregnancies, which can lead to complications during pregnancy and childbirth.
Ectopic pregnancy: This occurs when the embryo implants outside the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube. Ectopic pregnancies can be dangerous and must be treated immediately.
Ovarian torsion: This occurs when the ovaries become twisted, cutting off blood flow. Ovarian torsion is a rare but serious complication that can occur after egg retrieval.
Despite these risks, IVF has helped millions of couples become parents and has revolutionized the treatment of infertility. For those struggling to conceive, IVF may offer hope and a path to parenthood.
